Understanding premature birth
11/20/2025 by Amanda Steiner, D.O., M.S.
Premature birth occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. These babies may be smaller and need extra care in the hospital because their bodies are not yet fully developed. While the exact causes of premature birth are not always known, several strategies can lower the risk.
During your prenatal appointments, your clinician may recommend the following to minimize your risk of premature birth:
Eating a healthy diet: Consuming plenty of fruits, vegetables and water supports your baby’s growth and development.
Avoiding harmful substances: Smoking, alcohol and drugs can increase the risk of premature birth.
Managing health conditions: Conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes should be carefully managed.
Reducing stress and prioritizing sleep: Lowering stress levels, getting enough sleep and following medical advice all contribute to a healthier pregnancy, giving your baby the best chance for a full-term, healthy birth.
For people who have previously experienced premature birth, clinicians may recommend special treatments or more frequent prenatal visits.
If a baby is born early, it can be a scary and stressful time for families. Premature infants may need to stay in the neonatal ICU (NICU), where they receive support for breathing, feeding and temperature regulation. This experience can make parents feel sad, worried or even guilty — but it's important to remember that support is available.
Parents are encouraged to ask questions and talk openly with clinicians and nurses. Staying involved in their baby’s care, such as holding or talking to the baby when allowed, helps build a strong bond. Support groups, counseling or talking with other parents of premature babies can also be helpful.
Most premature babies grow up healthy with the proper care and love. With time and patience, families can adjust and thrive together. Early medical intervention, emotional support, and hope are key to facing the challenges of premature birth.
Amanda Steiner, D.O., M.S., is completing her family medicine residency at Mayo Clinic in Rochester. She plans to continue her career by starting a Family Medicine-Obstetrics Fellowship in July 2027.