Demystifying Alzheimer’s disease and how it differs from normal aging
6/15/2026 by Zachary Scharf, M.D., M.B.A.
“What did I eat for dinner the other day?”
We have all been there — not quite able to remember the events of the last 24 hours. This is a normal part of the human experience. However, as people age, difficulties like this can become more of a problem and trigger fears about whether a more serious condition is to blame.
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most feared types of dementia, which is a group of symptoms that significantly affects memory, thinking and behavior, while eventually interfering with daily tasks. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.
How does Alzheimer’s disease differ from normal aging and what signs are more concerning?
Normal aging
Aging brings changes, including a degree of cognitive decline, or a loss in thinking skills. This is expected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lays out common and uncommon cognitive changes. Typical age-related changes include:
- Forgetting where you put your car keys at times.
- Struggling to find a word but remembering it later.
- Forgetting an acquaintance’s name.
- Forgetting recent events.
An important point to note is that the changes above, while unsettling, do not affect one’s ability to live daily life. With aging, there are certain domains that remain intact. Such stable areas include:
- The knowledge and experiences you have gained over the years.
- Old memories.
- Language capabilities.
Potential warning signs
Cognitive changes that are more pronounced can produce concerns about dementia, of which Alzheimer’s is one type. These changes typically interfere with daily life, such as:
- Becoming lost in a familiar neighborhood.
- Using unusual words to refer to familiar objects.
- Forgetting the name of a close family member or friend.
- Forgetting old memories.
- Not being able to complete common tasks on one’s own.
Alzheimer’s disease in particular can lead to new issues with speaking or writing, withdrawal from previously enjoyable activities and notable changes in personality.
If you or a loved one is showing potential warning signs for dementia, please discuss this with your medical team. At best, after evaluation, they can give you comforting reassurance. If there is a deeper problem, having an early diagnosis can open you to additional care options and help you plan for the future.
Treating someone with a concern for dementia, be it Alzheimer’s disease or a different type, takes a holistic approach to support the family as well and help the patient live the fullest life possible. Your medical team is here to support you on this journey.
Next steps:
- Read Struggling with questions about Alzheimer's disease?
- Schedule an appointment with your primary care provider.