The ache stops here: Understanding migraines in children
8/18/2025 by Ellie Baugher, D.O.
What are migraines, and who gets them?
Migraines are severe, throbbing headaches that last for hours or even days and often recur. They are commonly accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound or smell. Some people experience visual auras before the pain begins, which may include flashing zigzag lines or blind spots in their vision. Most people with migraines find them to be debilitating.
Migraines can affect young children; however, they become more common in adolescent youth. Children with migraines tend to have a strong family history of migraine headaches.
What triggers migraines?
Various factors can trigger migraines in children, including changes in sleep patterns, increased stress, weather fluctuations, hormonal changes and certain foods. Common dietary triggers include chocolate, aged cheeses, citrus fruits, nuts, fermented foods, caffeine, artificial sweeteners and MSG.
What treatment options are available for children?
When a migraine occurs, resting in a dark, quiet room can help alleviate symptoms. Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen are most effective when taken early but should not be used for more than 14 days a month, as overuse can worsen headaches. If these methods are insufficient, a doctor may prescribe triptans, a medication to be taken at the onset of the headache.
For children experiencing frequent migraines — eight or more per month — preventive strategies may be necessary. Supplements such as vitamin B2, or riboflavin, and magnesium have shown some efficacy. If these are not effective, daily medications or monthly injections may be recommended.
Can lifestyle changes help prevent migraines?
Healthy lifestyle changes can also help reduce migraines, including regular sleep, stress management, exercise, a balanced diet with minimal processed foods and proper hydration.
When should you seek medical care?
Seek medical attention if your child's headaches require frequent medication, wake them up from sleep, or are accompanied by symptoms like fever (100.4F or greater), neck stiffness, double vision, confusion, balance issues or persistent vomiting, as these could indicate a more serious condition.
Ellie Baugher, D.O., completed her pediatric residency at Mayo Clinic in Rochester and will begin training in neurology the summer of 2025.